Who drinks sugar sweetened beverages and juice? An Australian population study of behaviour, awareness and attitudes

Miller, Caroline; Wakefield, Melanie; Braunack-Mayer, Annette; Roder, David; O’Dea, Kerin; Ettridge, Kerry; Dono, Joanne

doi:10.1186/s40608-018-0224-2

Table 1 Respondent characteristics and sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption by demographic subgroup (N = 2372)

From: Who drinks sugar sweetened beverages and juice? An Australian population study of behaviour, awareness and attitudes

	Overall sample	SSB consumption in past week by demographic subgroup^a							Chi-square tests
	Overall sample		None		Moderate (1–6 times)		Frequent (7+ times)			Pearson	Trend^f
	%	N	%		%		%		N	P-value	P-value
SSB consumption in past week^e	100.0	2732	48.8		34.7		16.0
Demographics
Gender									2719	< 0.001	< 0.001
Male	49.2	1337	38.4	↓	40.8	↑	20.8	↑
Female	50.8	1382	59.3	↑	29.2	↓	11.4	↓
Age (years)									2717	< 0.001	< 0.001
15–24	16.0	430	27.4	↓	50.0	↑	22.6	↑
25–44	32.1	872	38.6	↓	39.8	↑	21.6	↑
45–64	31.6	861	54.5	↑	32.9		12.7	↓
65 and over	20.3	554	73.8	↑	18.8	↓	7.4	↓
Highest qualification^b									2716	< 0.001	< 0.001
High School or less	39.4	1069	45.0	↓	35.3		19.7	↑
Vocational	35.8	977	47.5		34.7		17.8
University	24.7	670	57.6	↑	34.8		7.6	↓
Disadvantage quintile									2719	< 0.001	< 0.001
Quintile 1 (most disadvantaged)	23.2	628	46.2		32.2		21.7	↑
Quintile 2	16.2	441	44.7	↓	34.9		20.4	↑
Quintile 3	20.1	548	47.6		35.8		16.6
Quintile 4	21.1	577	50.8		39.3	↑	9.9	↓
Quintile 5 (least disadvantaged)	19.3	525	55.8	↑	32.4		11.8	↓
Remoteness									2721	< 0.001	< 0.001
Metropolitan	74.8	2034	49.9		35.9		14.2	↓
Inner Regional	9.5	259	48.3		37.5		14.3
Outer Regional	13.4	366	47.0		27.9	↓	25.1	↑
Remote/very remote	2.3	62	35.5	↓	32.3		32.3	↑
Body Mass Index^d									2710	0.719	0.494
Underweight or healthy	38.6	1048	49.0		35.3		15.6
Overweight	29.9	814	47.5		35.9		16.6
Obese	21.0	572	52.1		32.2		15.7
Don’t know either height or weight	10.1	276	47.1		35.9		17.0
Behavioural risk factors
Physical activity (past week)^c									2718	< 0.001	0.071
None	18.7	509	47.5		32.0		20.4	↑
1 to 6 days	58.0	1578	47.7		38.7	↑	13.7	↓
Everyday	23.1	631	53.7	↑	27.9	↓	18.4
Fast food consumption (past week)^b									2718	< 0.001	< 0.001
None	52.4	1430	64.3	↑	28.0	↓	7.7	↓
Once	29.2	790	42.2	↓	43.0	↑	14.8
Two or more times	18.3	498	16.3	↓	41.8	↑	42.0	↑
100% fruit juice consumption (past week)^d									2712	< 0.001	0.007
None	64.7	1764	52.3	↑	31.3	↓	16.4
One or more times	35.0	948	43.2	↓	41.5	↑	15.3
Smoking status									2718	< 0.001	< 0.001
Current smoker	15.3	417	30.7	↓	31.2		38.1	↑
Ex-smoker	28.9	789	56.9	↑	29.8	↓	13.3	↓
Never smoked	55.7	1512	50.0		38.6	↑	11.4	↓
Attitudes and knowledge
Teaspoons of sugar in can of soft drink^c									2713	< 0.001	0.093
Underestimate 0 to 7	29.8	809	42.4	↓	38.6	↑	19.0	↑
Approx correct 8 to 12^g	33.5	910	48.6		37.1		14.3
Overestimate 13 to 99	20.9	568	52.5		35.7		11.8	↓
Don’t know	15.6	426	58.0	↑	22.5	↓	19.5	↑
Diet soft drinks versus SSBs^b									2718	0.002	0.436
More healthy	17.3	473	52.9		33.0		14.2
Less healthy	26.8	727	44.4	↓	35.2		20.4	↑
The same	50.8	1384	49.3		36.1		14.6	↓
Don’t know	4.9	134	57.5	↑	28.4		14.2
100% fruit juice versus SSBs^b									2717	< 0.001	< 0.001
More sugar	8.6	234	47.0		31.6		21.4	↑
Less sugar	40.8	1111	45.4	↓	36.3		18.4	↑
The same^g	42.5	1156	52.2	↑	35.2		12.6	↓
Don’t know	8.1	216	53.7		29.6		16.7
Awareness of illnesses/health effects related to SSB consumption									2719	< 0.001	< 0.001
Weight gain
No	57.5	1566	45.7	↓	36.7	↑	17.7	↑
Yes^g	42.5	1153	53.7	↑	32.5	↓	13.8	↓
Diabetes									2719	< 0.001	< 0.001
No	39.0	1061	44.8	↓	34.0		21.2	↑
Yes^g	61.0	1658	51.8	↑	35.5		12.7	↓
Tooth decay									2719	0.601	0.761
No	70.9	1933	49.5		34.4		16.2
Yes^g	29.1	786	48.0		36.4		15.6
Heart disease									2718	0.022	0.036
No	85.1	2314	48.6		34.5		16.9	↑
Yes	14.9	404	51.5		37.1		11.4	↓

Note: Adjusted standardised residuals used to detect statistical significance within cells of Pearson’s chi-square results (represented as arrows); Relative to percentages for overall SSB consumption in the past week, cells with percentages greater than expected = ↑ and cells with values lower than expected = ↓ at the p < 0.05 level
^aExcluding ‘not stated’ response category; ^bNot stated = 0.1%, ^cnot stated = 0.2%, ^dnot stated = 0.3%, ^enot stated = 0.5%
^fMantel-Haenszel test of linear trends; ^gMost correct answer based on current evidence

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