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Table 1 Distribution of select maternal and infant characteristics, n (%)

From: Associations between gestational weight gain and rate of infancy weight gain in Hawai‘i and Puerto Rico WIC participants

 

Total control

(n = 100)

Final analysis

(n = 82)

Lost to follow-up (n = 18)

p-value

Site

0.037

 Hawai‘i

50 (50.0)

37 (45.1)

13 (72.2)

 

 Puerto Rico

50 (50.0)

45 (54.9)

5 (27.8)

 

Maternal factors

Pregravid BMI (mean [SD])

26.1 [6.9]

26.3 [7.0]

24.8 [6.6]

0.340

 Underweight or normal

56 (56.0)

44 (53.7)

12 (66.7)

 

 Overweight or obese

44 (44.0)

38 (46.3)

6 (33.3)

 

Age (mean [SD])

27.0 [5.0]

26.9 [4.7]

27.4 [6.5]

0.958

 18–24 years

33 (33.0)

27 (32.9)

6 (33.3)

 

 25–31 years

47 (47.0)

39 (47.6)

8 (44.4)

 

 32–39 years

20 (20.0)

16 (19.5)

4 (22.2)

 

Racea/ethnicity

 Hispanic

60 (60.0)

51 (62.2)

9 (56.3)

0.655

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

17 (17.0)

12 (14.6)

5 (27.8)

0.179

 Asian

20 (20.0)

14 (17.1)

6 (33.3)

0.118

 American Indian or Alaska Native

4 (4.0)

3 (3.7)

1 (5.6)

0.555

 Black or African American

12 (12.0)

11 (13.4)

1 (5.6)

0.689

 White

45 (45.0)

40 (48.8)

5 (27.8)

0.105

Education

0.019

 Less than college

42 (42.0)

31 (37.8)

11 (61.1)

 

 Some college

22 (22.0)

22 (26.8)

0 (0)

 

 College degree or higher

36 (36.0)

29 (35.4)

7 (38.9)

 

Parity

0.112

 1

38 (38.0)

32 (39.0)

6 (33.3)

 

 2

43 (43.0)

34 (41.5)

9 (50.0)

 

 3 or 4

19 (19.0)

16 (19.5)

3 (16.7)

 

Use of prenatal vitamins

98 (98.0)

82 (100.0)

16 (88.9)

0.031b

Pregnancy complications

41 (41.0)

31 (37.8)

10 (55.6)

0.166

Took vitamins while breastfeeding

53 (53.0)

42 (51.2)

11 (68.8)

0.319

Gestational age (weeks; mean [SD])

38.9 [1.0]

38.9 [1.0]

38.9 [1.1]

0.844

GWG (kg; mean [SD])

12.7 [5.5]

12.6 [5.5]

13.0 [5.9]

0.759

Infant factors

 Male

52 (52.0)

40 (48.8)

12 (66.7)

0.169

 Female

48 (48.0)

42 (51.2)

6 (33.3)

 

Up-to-date with vaccinations

81 (81.0)

65 (79.3)

16 (88.9)

0.512

  1. Note: Column percentages; p-value was obtained from comparison analysis between final analysis vs lost to follow-up. For categorical variables, chi-square tests or Fisher exact tests were conducted and two-sample t-tests were conducted for continuous variables
  2. aIncludes all races for mixed participants