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Table 3 Associations between non-nutritive sweeteners (dependent variable) and subjects’ characteristics

From: Intake of non-nutritive sweeteners is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle: a cross-sectional study in subjects with morbid obesity

Patient characteristics

NNS

total

NNS carb.

beverages

NNS non-carb.

beverages

NNS

sweeteners

B

p-value

B

p-value

B

p-value

B

p-value

Gender (female/male)

−0.10

0.838

0.519

0.285

−0.049

0.924

−2.896

0.005

Age (years)

−0.04

0.073

−0.014

0.544

−0.045

0.063

0.002

0.951

BMI (kg/m2)

−0.025

0.640

−0.007

0.902

−0.032

0.582

0.040

0.510

Living with someone

−0.728

0.151

−0.030

0.953

−0.981

0.060

−0.011

0.985

Working

−0.124

0.594

0.383

0.114

−0.379

0.126

−0.047

0.858

Smoking

0.194

0.485

0.196

0.492

−0.043

0.884

−0.110

0.715

Perceived general health

0.011

0.965

0.070

0.793

0.098

0.722

0.083

0.771

Total physical activity

−0.184

0.029

−0.086

0.308

−0.030

0.732

0.014

0.883

Heavy physical activity

−0.477

0.011

−0.368

0.052

−0.212

0.278

0.116

0.576

Hypertension

0.201

0.607

0.261

0.518

−0.128

0.759

−0.340

0.442

Diabetes

0.971

0.039

0.639

0.174

1.227

0.012

0.171

0.748

Fibromyalgia

0.696

0.131

0.202

0.664

0.718

0.132

0.568

0.249

Muscle-skeletal pain score (range 0-12)

−0.004

0.952

0.001

0.987

−0.097

0.149

0.058

0.397

HSCL10 > 1.85

0.073

0.855

−0.194

0.639

−0.664

0.137

−0.028

0.951

WHO-5 (poor wellbeing)

0.452

0.249

0.805

0.046

−0.135

0.746

−0.297

0.509

Fatigue

1.232

0.001

0.490

0.184

0.316

0.408

0.575

0.159

IBS

0.317

0.444

−0.193

0.651

0.207

0.633

−0.047

0.915

Functional bloating

−0.379

0.486

0.600

0.280

−0.714

0.258

−1.365

0.067

Functional diarrhea

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

GSRS-diarrhea (score)

0.625

0.009

0.178

0.447

0.176

0.467

0.626

0.012

GSRS-bloating (score)

−0.112

0.509

−0.033

0.849

−0.324

0.084

−0.184

0.320

Blood tests

 Haemoglobin (g/dl)

−0.299

0.149

−0.063

0.765

−0.625

0.007

−0.534

0.022

 Serum iron (μmol/L

−0.015

0.648

−0.042

0.237

−0.011

0.768

−0.049

0.205

 Transferrin saturation

−0.875

0.673

−0.025

0.255

−0.011

0.631

−0.033

0.167

 Ferritin (μg/dL)

0.002

0.311

−0.001

0.450

0.000

0.909

−0.001

0.615

 CRP (mg/L)

0.040

0.226

0.029

0.393

0.081

0.020

0.042

0.228

 s-Glucose (mmol/L)

0.110

0.082

0.122

0.055

0.044

0.492

0.005

0.944

 HbA1C (%)

0.294

0.052

0.235

0.117

0.367

0.018

0.076

0.644

 c-peptide (nmol/L)

0.662

0.005

0.410

0.077

0.279

0.244

0.509

0.052

 Cholesterol (mmol/L)

0.116

0.542

0.188

0.339

−0.043

0.830

−0.096

0.661

 HDL (mmol/L)

−0.612

0.291

−0.164

0.782

−1.017

0.115

0.541

0.394

 LDL (mmol/L)

0.164

0.427

0.164

0.438

−0.026

0.907

−0.179

0.457

 Vitamin A (μmol/L)

0.291

0.536

−0.725

0.136

−0.232

0.644

0.050

0.921

 Vitamin B1 (nmol/L)

0.008

0.243

0.006

0.356

0.001

0.876

0.007

0.363

 Vitamin B6 (nmol/L)

0.004

0.479

0.005

0.407

−0.011

0.178

−0.002

0.759

 Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)

−0.001

0.384

0.000

0.727

0.000

0.940

−0.001

0.503

 Vitamin D (nmol/L)

0.006

0.458

0.012

0.166

0.001

0.952

0.000

0.966

 Folic acid (nmol/L)

−0.024

0.269

−0.007

0.759

−0.021

0.362

−0.018

0.433

  1. HSCL10 Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10, WHO-5 WHO-5 Well-Being Index, IBS Irritable bowel syndrome, GSRS Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, HDL High Density Lipoprotein, LDL Low Density Lipoprotein
  2. The analyses have been performed with ordinal logistic regression analyses adjusted for gender, age and BMI)