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Table 1 Characteristics of the children according to nutritional status

From: Early rapid weight gain and subsequent overweight and obesity in middle childhood in Peru

  

Normala

Overweight

Obese

Total

  

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Total

 

1094 (71.9)

294 (19.3)

133 (8.7)

1521

Sex

Female

563 (51.5)

133 (45.2)

49 (36.8)

745 (49.0)

Male

531 (48.5)

161 (54.8)

84 (63.2)

776 (51.0)

Residence area (aged 1 year)

Urban

670 (61.2)

228 (77.6)

124 (93.2)

1022 (67.2)

Rural

424 (38.8)

66 (22.4)

9 (6.7)

499 (32.8)

Residence area (aged 8 years)

Urban

747 (68.3)

245 (83.3)

127 (95.5)

1119 (73.6)

Rural

347 (31.7)

49 (16.7)

6 (4.5)

402 (35.9)

Birth weight

<2.5 kg

67 (6.1)

14 (4.8)

6 (4.5)

87 (5.7)

≥4.0 kg

58 (5.3)

18 (6.1)

9 (6.8)

85 (5.6)

Breastfed

Breastfed at any time

1079 (98.6)

289 (98.3)

130 (97.7)

1498 (98.5)

Stunting (aged 8 years)

> − 2SD HAZ (height for age Z-score)

241 (22.0)

38 (12.9)

6 (4.5)

285 (18.7)

Urban (% stunted aged 8 years)

117 (48.6)

13 (34.2)

6 (100.0)

136 (47.7)

Rural (% stunted aged 8 years)

124 (51.5)

25 (65.8)

0

149 (52.3)

Stunted (% urban aged 8 years)

117 (15.7)

13 (5.3)

6 (4.7)

136 (12.2)

Stunted (% rural aged 8 years)

124 (35.7)

25 (37.9)

0

149 (37.1)

Soda drinks (aged 8 years)

Frequency ≥1/week

757 (69.2)

226 (76.9)

106 (79.7)

1089 (71.6)

Fast food (aged 8 years)

Frequency ≥1/week

677 (61.9)

220 (74.8)

102 (76.7)

999 (65.7)

  

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

BMI for age (BAZ) aged 8 years

8 years

0.04 ± 0.7

1.4 ± 0.3

2.69 ± 0.5

0.54 ± 1.07

Waist circumference aged 8 years

cms

58.47 ± 3.51

64.07 ± 4.55

73.30 ± 6.51

60.84 ± 6.01b

Height for age (aged 8 years)

 

−1.26 ± 0.9

−0.87 ± 1.04

−0.04 ± 1.03

−1.08 ± 1.0

Weight gain in Infancy (1 year-Birth)

Difference in W/A Z-score

−0.07 ± 1.3

0.46 ± 1.3

0.69 ± 1.2

0.1 ± 1.31

Weight gain in childhood (5–1 year)

Difference in W/A Z-score

−0.44 ± 0.85

−0.28 ± 0.88

0.36 ± 1.1

−0.33 ± 0.9

Weight gain in childhood (8–5 years)

Difference in W/A Z-score

0.06 ± 0.4

0.48 ± 0.5

0.86 ± 0.8

0.21 ± 0.5

Mothers education

Years of education

7.5 ± 4.4

9.2 ± 4.5

11.1 ± 3.4

8.15 ± 4.5

BMI of mother (child aged 8 years)

 

26.44 ± 4.1

28.40 ± 4.4

29.28 ± 4.8

27.07 ± 4.3

Wealth Indexc (aged 8 years)

 

0.53 ± 0.2

0.63 ± 0.2

0.70 ± 0.1

0.56 ± 0.2

Household size (aged 8 years)

No people living in the house

5.45 ± 1.9

5.16 ± 1.9

5.04 ± 1.9

5.36 ± 1.9

Hours asleep (aged 8 years)

No hours normal school day

9.6 ± 0.9

9.58 ± 0.9

9.36 ± 0.8

9.61 ± 0.9

Active exercised (aged 8 years)

No days in previous 7 days

3.73 ± 2.7

3.63 ± 2.7

2.77 ± 2.4

3.63 ± 2.7

  1. aNot overweight or obese
  2. bWaist circumference measurements are missing from five children
  3. c Score consisting of housing quality and utilities and ownership of goods
  4. dQuestion asked: “During the last 7 days, on how many days was [Name] physically active for at least 60 min at one time? (Examples for physical activity would be running, biking, dancing, football, digging, carrying water, or other activities)”