From: Early rapid weight gain and subsequent overweight and obesity in middle childhood in Peru
Normala | Overweight | Obese | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
Total | 1094 (71.9) | 294 (19.3) | 133 (8.7) | 1521 | |
Sex | Female | 563 (51.5) | 133 (45.2) | 49 (36.8) | 745 (49.0) |
Male | 531 (48.5) | 161 (54.8) | 84 (63.2) | 776 (51.0) | |
Residence area (aged 1 year) | Urban | 670 (61.2) | 228 (77.6) | 124 (93.2) | 1022 (67.2) |
Rural | 424 (38.8) | 66 (22.4) | 9 (6.7) | 499 (32.8) | |
Residence area (aged 8 years) | Urban | 747 (68.3) | 245 (83.3) | 127 (95.5) | 1119 (73.6) |
Rural | 347 (31.7) | 49 (16.7) | 6 (4.5) | 402 (35.9) | |
Birth weight | <2.5 kg | 67 (6.1) | 14 (4.8) | 6 (4.5) | 87 (5.7) |
≥4.0 kg | 58 (5.3) | 18 (6.1) | 9 (6.8) | 85 (5.6) | |
Breastfed | Breastfed at any time | 1079 (98.6) | 289 (98.3) | 130 (97.7) | 1498 (98.5) |
Stunting (aged 8 years) | > − 2SD HAZ (height for age Z-score) | 241 (22.0) | 38 (12.9) | 6 (4.5) | 285 (18.7) |
Urban (% stunted aged 8 years) | 117 (48.6) | 13 (34.2) | 6 (100.0) | 136 (47.7) | |
Rural (% stunted aged 8 years) | 124 (51.5) | 25 (65.8) | 0 | 149 (52.3) | |
Stunted (% urban aged 8 years) | 117 (15.7) | 13 (5.3) | 6 (4.7) | 136 (12.2) | |
Stunted (% rural aged 8 years) | 124 (35.7) | 25 (37.9) | 0 | 149 (37.1) | |
Soda drinks (aged 8 years) | Frequency ≥1/week | 757 (69.2) | 226 (76.9) | 106 (79.7) | 1089 (71.6) |
Fast food (aged 8 years) | Frequency ≥1/week | 677 (61.9) | 220 (74.8) | 102 (76.7) | 999 (65.7) |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
BMI for age (BAZ) aged 8 years | 8 years | 0.04 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 2.69 ± 0.5 | 0.54 ± 1.07 |
Waist circumference aged 8 years | cms | 58.47 ± 3.51 | 64.07 ± 4.55 | 73.30 ± 6.51 | 60.84 ± 6.01b |
Height for age (aged 8 years) | −1.26 ± 0.9 | −0.87 ± 1.04 | −0.04 ± 1.03 | −1.08 ± 1.0 | |
Weight gain in Infancy (1 year-Birth) | Difference in W/A Z-score | −0.07 ± 1.3 | 0.46 ± 1.3 | 0.69 ± 1.2 | 0.1 ± 1.31 |
Weight gain in childhood (5–1 year) | Difference in W/A Z-score | −0.44 ± 0.85 | −0.28 ± 0.88 | 0.36 ± 1.1 | −0.33 ± 0.9 |
Weight gain in childhood (8–5 years) | Difference in W/A Z-score | 0.06 ± 0.4 | 0.48 ± 0.5 | 0.86 ± 0.8 | 0.21 ± 0.5 |
Mothers education | Years of education | 7.5 ± 4.4 | 9.2 ± 4.5 | 11.1 ± 3.4 | 8.15 ± 4.5 |
BMI of mother (child aged 8 years) | 26.44 ± 4.1 | 28.40 ± 4.4 | 29.28 ± 4.8 | 27.07 ± 4.3 | |
Wealth Indexc (aged 8 years) | 0.53 ± 0.2 | 0.63 ± 0.2 | 0.70 ± 0.1 | 0.56 ± 0.2 | |
Household size (aged 8 years) | No people living in the house | 5.45 ± 1.9 | 5.16 ± 1.9 | 5.04 ± 1.9 | 5.36 ± 1.9 |
Hours asleep (aged 8 years) | No hours normal school day | 9.6 ± 0.9 | 9.58 ± 0.9 | 9.36 ± 0.8 | 9.61 ± 0.9 |
Active exercised (aged 8 years) | No days in previous 7 days | 3.73 ± 2.7 | 3.63 ± 2.7 | 2.77 ± 2.4 | 3.63 ± 2.7 |