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Table 1 Summary of included articles and selected

From: A meta-analysis of weight gain in first year university students: is freshman 15 a myth?

         

Included in Analyses

Author

Year

Country

Length (Mths)

Sample Size

Composition

Quality (on 7)

Mean WG (kg)d

Mean WG in Weight Gainers (kg)

1a

1b

2a

2b

2c

3

Hodge et al. [9]

1993

US

6

61

W

5

0.39

3.2

  

X

   

Megel et al. [10]

1994

US

7

57

W

4

1.11

   

X

   

Cooley and Toray [12]

2001

US

7

104

W

4

2.05

   

X

   

Graham and Jones [14]

2002

US

8

49

W/M

6

−0.68

2.09

  

X

   

Anderson et al. [6]

2003

US

3

135

W/M

4

1.3

  

X

X

   

Levitsky et al. [16]

2004

US

2.76

60

W/M

6

1.9b (2.4)

 

X

X

    

Butler et al. [15]

2004

US

4.6

54

W

5

0.93

  

X

    

Morrow et al. [20]

2006

US

6.7

137

W

5

1.1b (2.6)

 

X

X

   

X

Hoffman et al. [18]

2006

US

7

67

W/M

5

1.3b (4.0)

3.1b (2.4)

X

X

X

X

 

X

Hajhosseini et al. [19]

2006

US

3.68

27

W/M

4

1.36b (0.32)

 

X

X

X

   

Lowe et al. [22]

2006

US

8

69

W

5

2.08

   

X

   

Levitsky et al. (a) [21]

2006

US

2.76

15

W

5

3.1b (2.0)

 

X

X

X

  

X

Levitsky et al. (b) [21]

2006

US

2.76

16

W

5

2b (2.6)

 

X

X

   

X

Kasparek et al. [29]

2008

US

6

193

W/M

4

1.15

3.22

 

X

X

   

Pliner and Saunders [30]

2008

Can.

5

72

W/M

7

1.5

       

Edmonds et al. [33]

2008

Can.

6

116

W

6

2.4c (3.0)

 

X

X

   

X

Delinsky and Wilson [31]

2008

US

7

149

W

3

1.53b (3.4)

3.3b (2.7)

X

X

X

X

 

X

Wengreen and Moncur [38]

2009

US

4

159

W/M

6

1.51b (2.3)

4.52b (1.6)

X

X

X

X

  

Pullman et al. [55]

2009

Can.

7

108

M

4

3 c (4.1)

 

X

X

   

X

Mifsud et al. [34]

2009

Can.

6

29

W/M

5

0.79c (2.3)

 

X

X

   

X

Provencher et al. [35]

2009

Can.

7

1323

W/M

5

1.47c(4.1)

 

X

X

  

X

X

Lloyd-Richardson et al. (study 2) [37]

2009

US

8

326

W/M

6

1.91c (2.3)

 

X

X

X

   

Gropper et al. [32]

2009

US

7

214

W/M

6

1.18b (2.4)

2.72b (2.4)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Gow et al. [39]

2010

US

1.38

40

W/M

5

0.47b (1.6)

 

X

X

    

Vella-zarb and Elgar [41]

2010

Can.

2.51

91

W/M

7

0.89b (3.3)

 

X

X

   

X

Gillen and Lefkovitz [42]

2011

US

7a

390

W/M

5

1.18

3.3b (2.6)

  

X

X

X

 

Kapinos and Yakusheva [44]

2011

US

7

388

W/M

5

1.02c (3.9)

 

X

X

    

Webb [47]

2012

US

4

83

W

5

1.2b (2.9)

 

X

X

   

X

Finlayson et al. [46]

2012

UK

3a

120

W/M

6

0.23b (2.1)

 

X

X

   

X

Culnan et al. [51]

2013

US

1.83

54

W/M

4

0.79b (2.2)

 

X

X

    

Deliens et al. [52]

2013

Belg.

4

101

W/M

6

0.97c (2.0)

 

X

X

X

   

Kapinos et al. [54]

2014

US

7

1935

W/M

4

0.79b (3.3)

 

X

X

   

X

  1. US = United Stated, UK = United Kingdom, W = Women, M = Men, WG = Weight Gain
  2. aStudies also had a time point at 12 months but not included in analyses
  3. bStandard Deviation/Standard Error presented in article
  4. cStandard Deviation/Standard Error obtained by contacting authors
  5. dNumber of significant digit depend on the precision presented in the original articles