From: A meta-analysis of weight gain in first year university students: is freshman 15 a myth?
Included in Analyses | ||||||||||||||
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Author | Year | Country | Length (Mths) | Sample Size | Composition | Quality (on 7) | Mean WG (kg)d | Mean WG in Weight Gainers (kg) | 1a | 1b | 2a | 2b | 2c | 3 |
Hodge et al. [9] | 1993 | US | 6 | 61 | W | 5 | 0.39 | 3.2 | X | |||||
Megel et al. [10] | 1994 | US | 7 | 57 | W | 4 | 1.11 | X | ||||||
Cooley and Toray [12] | 2001 | US | 7 | 104 | W | 4 | 2.05 | X | ||||||
Graham and Jones [14] | 2002 | US | 8 | 49 | W/M | 6 | −0.68 | 2.09 | X | |||||
Anderson et al. [6] | 2003 | US | 3 | 135 | W/M | 4 | 1.3 | X | X | |||||
Levitsky et al. [16] | 2004 | US | 2.76 | 60 | W/M | 6 | 1.9b (2.4) | X | X | |||||
Butler et al. [15] | 2004 | US | 4.6 | 54 | W | 5 | 0.93 | X | ||||||
Morrow et al. [20] | 2006 | US | 6.7 | 137 | W | 5 | 1.1b (2.6) | X | X | X | ||||
Hoffman et al. [18] | 2006 | US | 7 | 67 | W/M | 5 | 1.3b (4.0) | 3.1b (2.4) | X | X | X | X | X | |
Hajhosseini et al. [19] | 2006 | US | 3.68 | 27 | W/M | 4 | 1.36b (0.32) | X | X | X | ||||
Lowe et al. [22] | 2006 | US | 8 | 69 | W | 5 | 2.08 | X | ||||||
Levitsky et al. (a) [21] | 2006 | US | 2.76 | 15 | W | 5 | 3.1b (2.0) | X | X | X | X | |||
Levitsky et al. (b) [21] | 2006 | US | 2.76 | 16 | W | 5 | 2b (2.6) | X | X | X | ||||
Kasparek et al. [29] | 2008 | US | 6 | 193 | W/M | 4 | 1.15 | 3.22 | X | X | ||||
Pliner and Saunders [30] | 2008 | Can. | 5 | 72 | W/M | 7 | 1.5 | |||||||
Edmonds et al. [33] | 2008 | Can. | 6 | 116 | W | 6 | 2.4c (3.0) | X | X | X | ||||
Delinsky and Wilson [31] | 2008 | US | 7 | 149 | W | 3 | 1.53b (3.4) | 3.3b (2.7) | X | X | X | X | X | |
Wengreen and Moncur [38] | 2009 | US | 4 | 159 | W/M | 6 | 1.51b (2.3) | 4.52b (1.6) | X | X | X | X | ||
Pullman et al. [55] | 2009 | Can. | 7 | 108 | M | 4 | 3 c (4.1) | X | X | X | ||||
Mifsud et al. [34] | 2009 | Can. | 6 | 29 | W/M | 5 | 0.79c (2.3) | X | X | X | ||||
Provencher et al. [35] | 2009 | Can. | 7 | 1323 | W/M | 5 | 1.47c(4.1) | X | X | X | X | |||
Lloyd-Richardson et al. (study 2) [37] | 2009 | US | 8 | 326 | W/M | 6 | 1.91c (2.3) | X | X | X | ||||
Gropper et al. [32] | 2009 | US | 7 | 214 | W/M | 6 | 1.18b (2.4) | 2.72b (2.4) | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Gow et al. [39] | 2010 | US | 1.38 | 40 | W/M | 5 | 0.47b (1.6) | X | X | |||||
Vella-zarb and Elgar [41] | 2010 | Can. | 2.51 | 91 | W/M | 7 | 0.89b (3.3) | X | X | X | ||||
Gillen and Lefkovitz [42] | 2011 | US | 7a | 390 | W/M | 5 | 1.18 | 3.3b (2.6) | X | X | X | |||
Kapinos and Yakusheva [44] | 2011 | US | 7 | 388 | W/M | 5 | 1.02c (3.9) | X | X | |||||
Webb [47] | 2012 | US | 4 | 83 | W | 5 | 1.2b (2.9) | X | X | X | ||||
Finlayson et al. [46] | 2012 | UK | 3a | 120 | W/M | 6 | 0.23b (2.1) | X | X | X | ||||
Culnan et al. [51] | 2013 | US | 1.83 | 54 | W/M | 4 | 0.79b (2.2) | X | X | |||||
Deliens et al. [52] | 2013 | Belg. | 4 | 101 | W/M | 6 | 0.97c (2.0) | X | X | X | ||||
Kapinos et al. [54] | 2014 | US | 7 | 1935 | W/M | 4 | 0.79b (3.3) | X | X | X |