Table 4 Summary of characteristics and results at 6 and 12 months for the included randomised controlled trials
Study (Year) | Participants | Interventions | Follow-up (months) | Weight*/BMI** | Intervention group | Control group | Between-group significance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre mean | Post mean | Mean difference | Pre mean | Post mean | Mean difference | ||||||
Barclay 2008 [21] | Location: UK Setting: PHC | Allocated: Immediate entry (Intervention group): 19 Delayed entry: 18 (of these, 11 formed the Control group) | 6 | Wt | 85.5 (range 58.4–128.8) | NR | −2.73 (3.15) | 85.8 (range 73.1–96.8) | NR | −0.30 (1.36) | p < 0.05 |
Risk factor: T2DM | % dropout: 6.7 | BMI | 29.8 (range 23.1–43.0) | NR | −0.91 (1.01) | 29.5 (range 22.8–35.5) | NR | 0.10 (0.47) | p < 0.05 | ||
Sex: (a) Immediate entry (Intervention group): women 13, men 6 (b) Delayed entry (Control group): women 4, men 7 | Comparison: Diet-PA vs. Usual Care (D-PA vs. UC) | ||||||||||
Age, mean (range): (a) 62.3 (50–83) (b) 67.5 (56–85) | |||||||||||
Bo 2007 [23] | Location: Italy Setting: PHC | Allocated: (a) 169 (b) 166 | 12 | Wt | 81.7 (14.9) | 81.0 (15.7) | −0.75 (95% CI −1.49, −0.003) | 81.3 (13.5) | 82.9 (14.0) | 1.63 (95% CI 0.83, 2.42) | p < 0.001 |
Risk factor: Metabolic syndrome | % dropout: 0 | ||||||||||
Sex: (a) 99 women, 70 men (b) 96 women, 70 men | Comparison: D-PA vs. UC | ||||||||||
Age, mean (SD): (a) 55.7 (5.7) (b) 55.7 (5.6) | BMI | 29.7 (4.1) | 29.4 (4.4) | −0.29 (95% CI −0.56, −0.02) | 29.8 (4.6) | 30.4 (4.8) | 0.61 (95% CI 0.31, 0.91) | p < 0.001 | |||
Greaves 2008 [25] | Location: UK Setting: PHC | Allocated: (a) 72 (b) 69 | 6 | Wt | 91.6 (13.3) | 91.3 (13.7) | NR | 94.4 (14.2) | 92.6 (15.0) | NR | p < 0.05 |
Risk factor: T2DM | % dropout: (a) 19.4 (b) 17.39 | ||||||||||
Sex: (a) 46 women, 26 men (b) 44 women, 25 men | Comparison: D-PA vs. UC | ||||||||||
Age, mean (SD): (a) 53.3 (12.3) (b) 54.5 (11.5) | |||||||||||
Kulzer 2009 [26] | Location: Germany Setting: PHC | Allocated: (a) 91 (b) 91 | 12 | Wt | 92.1 (16.5) | 88.3 (15.9) | −3.8 (5.2) | 93.6 (19.3) | 92.2 (19.4) | −1.4 (4.0) | p = 0.001 |
Risk factor: T2DM | % dropout: 9.3 | ||||||||||
Sex: 78 women, 104 men | Comparison: D-PA vs. written information | ||||||||||
Age, mean (SD): 56.3 (10.1) | BMI | 31.0 (4.7) | 29.7 (4.7) | −1.3 (1.7) | 32.0 (5.7) | 31.5 (5.8) | −0.5 (1.4) | p = 0.002 | |||
McConnon 2007 [28] | Location: UK Setting: Community | Allocated: (a) 111 (b) 110 | 12 | Wt^ | 98.9 (17.7) | 93.6 (13.3) | −1.29 (5.6) | 97.9 (17.1) | 95.6 (17.7) | −1.9 (5.8) | NS |
Risk factor: Nil | % dropout: (a) 51 (b) 30 | ||||||||||
Sex: 170 women, 51 men | Comparison: Internet vs. UC | ||||||||||
Age, mean: (a) 48.1 (b) 47.4 | BMI^ | 36.1 (5.8) | 34.9 (4.6) | −0.41 (2.0) | 35.9 (5.1) | 34.9 (5.0) | −0.7 (2.1) | NS | |||
Tsai 2010 [30] | Location: USA Setting: PHC | Allocated: (a) 24 (b) 26 | 6 | Wt | 97.0 (SE 3.4) | NR | −4.4 (SE 0.6) | 103.1 (SE 3.5) | NR | −0.9 (SE 0.6) | p < 0.0001 |
Risk factor: Nil | % dropout: (a) 8.4 (b) 3.9 | ||||||||||
Sex: 44 women, 6 men | Comparison: brief behavioural counselling vs. no counselling | 12 | Wt | 97.0 (SE 3.4) | NR | −2.3 (SE 0.9) | 103.1 (SE 3.5) | NR | −1.1 (SE 0.8) | NS | |
Age, mean (SE): (a) 51.3 (2.3) (b) 47.6 (2.5) | |||||||||||
Whittemore 2009 [31] | Location: USA Setting: PHC | Allocated: (a) 31 (b) 27 | 6 | Wt, % loss | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NS |
Risk factor: T2DM | % dropout: (a) 22.6 (b) 0 | BMI | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NS | ||
Sex: (a) 28 women, 3 men, (b) 24 women, 3 men | Comparison: Enhanced standard care vs lifestyle intervention | ||||||||||
Age, mean (SD): (a) 48.2 (12.4) (b) 43.2 (13.2) | |||||||||||